python之我在生产环境中的静态文件出现 Django 301 和 403 禁止错误

我正在尝试使用 nginx 和 gunicorn 在 ubuntu 14.04 vps 上部署一个 django 网站，但是我的 css 文件和 js 文件没有加载。我在默认的 django 开发服务器上开发了它并且它工作得很好，但是当我部署了我的网站和 collectstatic 并尝试通过浏览器访问它，只有 HTML 文本被加载并且在我的浏览器控制台上检查我发现 301 和 403 forbidden 我的静态文件夹上的错误。我也是 ubuntu 和 django 的新手，我在网上找到的所有主题和论坛都只是指向文件的权限和所有权，并且在我更正我的权限时没有任何运气。

screenshot of my browser error when i try to access django admin

这是我的settings.py

import os 
 
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...) 
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) 
 
 
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production 
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/checklist/ 
 
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! 
SECRET_KEY = '' 
 
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! 
DEBUG = False 
 
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['mysite.com','www.mysite.com'] 
 
 
# Application definition 
 
INSTALLED_APPS = [ 
    'django.contrib.admin', 
    'django.contrib.auth', 
    'django.contrib.contenttypes', 
    'django.contrib.sessions', 
    'django.contrib.messages', 
    'django.contrib.staticfiles', 
    'powerlineapp', 
] 
 
MIDDLEWARE = [ 
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', 
] 
 
ROOT_URLCONF = 'powerlineproject.urls' 
 
TEMPLATES = [ 
    { 
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', 
        'DIRS': [], 
        'APP_DIRS': True, 
        'OPTIONS': { 
            'context_processors': [ 
                'django.template.context_processors.debug', 
                'django.template.context_processors.request', 
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', 
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', 
            ], 
        }, 
    }, 
] 
 
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'powerlineproject.wsgi.application' 
 
 
# Database 
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases 
 
DATABASES = { 
    'default': { 
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', 
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'), 
    } 
} 
 
 
# Password validation 
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators 
 
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ 
    { 
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator', 
    }, 
    { 
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator', 
    }, 
    { 
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator', 
    }, 
    { 
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator', 
    }, 
] 
 
 
# Internationalization 
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/i18n/ 
 
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' 
 
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' 
 
USE_I18N = True 
 
USE_L10N = True 
 
USE_TZ = True 
 
 
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) 
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/static-files/ 
 
 
STATIC_URL = '/static/' 
 
if not DEBUG:  
    STATIC_ROOT = '/var/www/powerline/powerlineproject/static/' 
 
 
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'media') 
MEDIA_URL = '/media/' 

这是我的主要 urls.py

from django.conf.urls import include,url 
from django.contrib import admin 
 
urlpatterns = [ 
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), 
    url(r'^',include('powerlineapp.urls')), 
 
] 

nginx.conf

user www-data www-data; 
pid /var/run/nginx.pid; 
worker_processes 1; 
worker_rlimit_nofile 100000; 
 
events { 
    worker_connections  4096; 
    include /etc/nginx.custom.events.d/*.conf; 
} 
 
http { 
    default_type application/octet-stream; 
 
    access_log off; 
    error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log crit; 
 
    sendfile on; 
    tcp_nopush on; 
 
    keepalive_timeout 20; 
    client_header_timeout 20; 
    client_body_timeout 20; 
    reset_timedout_connection on; 
    send_timeout 20; 
 
    types_hash_max_size 2048; 
 
    gzip on; 
    gzip_disable "msie6"; 
    gzip_proxied any; 
    gzip_min_length 256; 
    gzip_comp_level 4; 
    gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript application/javascript text/x-js; 
 
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; 
 
    include mime.conf; 
    charset UTF-8; 
 
    open_file_cache max=100000 inactive=20s; 
    open_file_cache_valid 30s; 
    open_file_cache_min_uses 2; 
    open_file_cache_errors on; 
 
    server_tokens off; 
    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; 
 
    include proxy.conf; 
    include fcgi.conf; 
 
    include conf.d/*.conf; 
    include /etc/nginx.custom.d/*.conf; 
} 
 
include /etc/nginx.custom.global.d/*.conf; 

我的站点配置文件

server { 
    listen *:80; 
 
 
 
    server_name powerlineagencies.co.ke; 
 
    access_log /var/log/nginx/powerline-agencies.access.log; 
    error_log /var/log/nginx/powerline-agencies.error.log; 
 
    root /var/www/powerline/powerlineproject; 
    index index.html index.htm index.php; 
 
 
 
 
 
    location  / { 
 
 
 
        proxy_pass http://unix:/var/run/ajenti-v-gunicorn-powerline-agencies-python-wsgi-0.sock; 
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host; 
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; 
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; 
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 
 
    } 
 
 
    location ~ /static/.* { 
        alias /var/www/powerline/powerlineproject; 
 
 
 
 
    } 

这是我的目录结构

screenshot of my directory structure

有人可以帮我解决这个问题吗？

请您参考如下方法:

Nginx 需要能够读取静态文件夹。您可以通过将 www-data 用户添加到您的项目用户所在的组来执行此操作。

sudo usermod -a -G your_user www-data

然后重启nginx。