python之django.core.exceptions 在 python 中运行 selenium 功能测试时出现 ImproperlyConfigured 错误

在我收到几乎相同的错误消息之前，我遇到过与此类似的问题，即

C:\Users\David J\optilab\optilab_project>python functional_tests.py 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
  File "functional_tests.py", line 4, in <module> 
    from optilab.models import Design 
  File "C:\Users\David J\optilab\optilab_project\optilab\models.py", line 10, in <module> 
    class Design(models.Model): 
  File "C:\Users\David J\optilab\optilab_project\optilab\models.py", line 11, in Design 
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30) 
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\__init__.py", line 1072, in __init__ 
    super(CharField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) 
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\__init__.py", line 166, in __init__ 
    self.db_tablespace = db_tablespace or settings.DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE 
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 55, in __getattr__ 
    self._setup(name) 
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 41, in _setup 
    % (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE)) 
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings. 

但它正在生成，因为我从 shell 中错误地调用了我的测试。现在我正在尝试运行功能测试，在成功使用命令之前我已经做了几次 “python functional_tests.py” 在我的项目文件夹中——但它会产生上述错误消息。谁能告诉我我做错了什么，或者为什么这可能以前有效但现在无效？谢谢。

编辑: 这是 functional_tests.py:

from selenium import webdriver 
import unittest 
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys 
from optilab.models import Design 
from automa.api import * 
 
class HomeTest(unittest.TestCase):   
 
    def setUp(self):   
        self.browser = webdriver.Firefox() 
        self.browser.get('http://localhost:8000/lab') 
        self.new_design = self.browser.find_element_by_id("new_design") 
        self.load_design = self.browser.find_element_by_id("load_test") 
        self.design_name = self.browser.find_element_by_id("design_name") 
        self.browser.implicitly_wait(3) 
 
    def test_latest_designs_displayed_in_table(self): 
        #  
 
        self.browser.implicitly_wait(3) 
        self.design_table = self.browser.find_element_by_id("design_table") 
        self.rows = self.browser.find_elements_by_tag_name('tr') 
        self.assertTrue( 
            any(row.text == 'My First Design' for row in rows), 
            "New design did not appear in test table." 
        ) 
 
    def test_entering_text_activates_new(self): 
        # user enters name of design.  new becomes clickable.             
        self.browser.implicitly_wait(3) 
        self.design_name.send_keys("sample_design") 
 
    def test_new_test_can_be_saved_and_retrieved(self): 
        name = "sample design" 
        self.design_name.send_keys(name) 
        self.new_design.click() 
        self.browser.implicitly_wait(3) 
        self.saved_design = Design.objects.get(name=design_name) 
 
    def test_entering_name_of_previously_saved_test_activates_load(self):  
        # user enters the name of a previously saved test.  load button becomes clickable. 
        design = Design(name="sample_design") 
        saved_design = Design.objects.get(id=1).name 
        self.browser.implicitly_wait(3) 
        self.design_name.send_keys(saved_design) 
        self.load_design.click() 
 
    def test_entering_name_of_previously_saved_test_but_clicking_new_prompts_overwrite(self): 
        # user entes name of saved test but clicks new.  dialogue box asks if test should be overwritten. 
        previously_saved_design = Design.objects.get(id=1).name 
        self.design_name.send_keys(previously_saved_design)                     
 
    def test_clicking_save_redirects_to_model(self): 
        pass 
 
    def tearDown(self):   
        self.browser.quit() 
 
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':   
 
unittest.main() 

请您参考如下方法:

你的脚本的开头应该是这样的

import os, sys 
sys.path.append(os.getcwd()) 
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "optilab.settings") # or whatever 
import django 
django.setup() 
 
 
from selenium import webdriver 
import unittest 
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys 
from optilab.models import Design 
from automa.api import *  # try not to do this