python之Django 模板和应用程序未加载_编程设计

标题说明了大部分内容。我在教程中的 PyCharm 中运行 Unittests.py，我的模板文件夹直接嵌套在我的应用程序文件夹 (superlists/lists/templates/home.html) 下。所以这是我正在运行的测试 superlists/lists/tests.py:

def test_home_page_returns_correct_html(self): 
    request = HttpRequest() 
 
    response = home_page(request) 
    expected_html = render_to_string('home.html') 
 
    self.assertEqual(response.content.decode(), expected_html)

这是它正在运行的代码 (superlists/lists/views.py)

def home_page(request): 
    return render(request, 'home.html')

这里是错误:

   Error 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
  File "C:\Users\Me\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\utils.py", line 86, in __getitem__ 
    return self._engines[alias] 
KeyError: 'django' 
 
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: 
 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
  File "C:\Users\Me\PycharmProjects\superlists\lists\tests.py", line 19, in test_home_page_returns_correct_html 
    response = home_page(request) 
  File "C:\Users\Me\PycharmProjects\superlists\lists\views.py", line 8, in home_page 
    return render(request, 'home.html') 
  File "C:\Users\Me\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\shortcuts.py", line 67, in render 
    template_name, context, request=request, using=using) 
  File "C:\Users\Me\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\loader.py", line 96, in render_to_string 
    template = get_template(template_name, using=using) 
  File "C:\Users\Me\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\loader.py", line 26, in get_template 
    engines = _engine_list(using) 
  File "C:\Users\Me\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\loader.py", line 143, in _engine_list 
    return engines.all() if using is None else [engines[using]] 
  File "C:\Users\Me\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\utils.py", line 110, in all 
    return [self[alias] for alias in self] 
  File "C:\Users\Me\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\utils.py", line 110, in <listcomp> 
    return [self[alias] for alias in self] 
  File "C:\Users\Me\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\utils.py", line 101, in __getitem__ 
    engine = engine_cls(params) 
  File "C:\Users\Me\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\backends\django.py", line 31, in __init__ 
    options['libraries'] = self.get_templatetag_libraries(libraries) 
  File "C:\Users\Me\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\backends\django.py", line 49, in get_templatetag_libraries 
    libraries = get_installed_libraries() 
  File "C:\Users\Me\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\backends\django.py", line 121, in get_installed_libraries 
    for app_config in apps.get_app_configs()) 
  File "C:\Users\Me\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 137, in get_app_configs 
    self.check_apps_ready() 
  File "C:\Users\Me\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 124, in check_apps_ready 
    **raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren't loaded yet.") 
django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.**

所以，我检查了 settings.py 中的两个地方，INSTALLED_APPS 和 TEMPLATES。

这是两个部分:

    INSTALLED_APPS = [ 
    'django.contrib.admin', 
    'django.contrib.auth', 
    'django.contrib.contenttypes', 
    'django.contrib.sessions', 
    'django.contrib.messages', 
    'django.contrib.staticfiles', 
    'lists', 
]

和

    TEMPLATES = [ 
    { 
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', 
        'DIRS': [], 
        'APP_DIRS': True, 
        'OPTIONS': { 
            'context_processors': [ 
                'django.template.context_processors.debug', 
                'django.template.context_processors.request', 
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', 
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', 
            ], 
        }, 
    }, 
]

以下是我尝试过的事情的简短列表:
*更改 tests.py 和 views.py 的源代码，使其具有 home.html 路径的大多数组合 *更改 INSTALLED_APPS 和 TEMPLATES 中列出的路径，使其具有与 lists 和 home.html 路径不同长度的大多数组合 *将 'DIRS': [] 更改为 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],

旁注:我还不得不反复将 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=(project directory name).settings 作为 PyCharm 中的环境变量，使用错误的解决方案，here ，因为其他解决方案不起作用，所以，我认识到我的设置可能只是一个小错误。

请您参考如下方法:

您的问题与模板无关，而是 PyCharm 中的错误测试配置。

您似乎正在使用 Python 测试 -> Unittests 配置进行测试，PyCharm 为 Django 测试 提供了特定配置(它会自动加载正确的 django 设置)。

因此请按照以下步骤进行配置:

转到菜单运行 -> 编辑配置...
点击绿色加号图标
选择Django 测试
可选择在Target 字段中输入 Django 应用程序名称(在您的情况下为 lists)

如果您在 PyCharm 设置中配置了 django 项目和 python 解释器，它应该可以工作。

希望这对您有所帮助。