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python之为什么 'matplotlib' 无法找到指定字体的某些字体粗细

2025年05月04日11mfrbuaa

我无法让 matplotlib 找到我知道已安装在我的系统上并且根据 matplotlib.font_manager 显示为可用的特定字体。当我在我的图形中指定某些粗细时，我指定的字体没有被使用，链中的其他字体也没有被使用，而是使用了链中更下游的字体。

我可以验证这一点

import matplotlib 
import matplotlib.font_manager as font_manager 
 
# The backend doesn't matter 
#matplotlib.use('agg') 
 
font = {'family': 'sans-serif', 
       'sans-serif': ['Open Sans', 'Lucida Grande', 'Avenir', 'Arial', 'sans-serif']} 
matplotlib.rc('font', **font) 
for font_weight in range(100, 1000, 100): 
    matplotlib.rc('font', **{'weight': font_weight}) 
    print str(font_manager.FontProperties().get_weight()) + ": " + font_manager.FontProperties().get_name()

产生

100: Open Sans 
200: Open Sans 
300: Arial 
400: Arial 
500: Arial 
600: Open Sans 
700: Open Sans 
800: Open Sans 
900: Open Sans

这对应于我在数字中得到的结果:对于“正常”，或者对于 300 到 500 之间的权重，我得到的不是 Open Sans，而是 Arial。

这是怎么回事？为什么 matplotlib 无法找到和使用我系统中存在的字体？

FWIW，我可以检查字体管理器知道什么

import matplotlib 
import matplotlib.font_manager as font_manager 
import glob 
 
the_files = font_manager.findSystemFonts(fontpaths=None) 
# Using the_files = font_manager.OSXInstalledFonts() produces the same results 
for font_name in ['Open Sans', 'Lucida Grande', 'Avenir', 'Arial']: 
    print('') 
    print('** ' + font_name) 
    print("Names reported by font_manager for fonts in font_manager-found files with '" + font_name + "' in file name:") 
    for the_file in the_files: 
        if font_name.replace(' ', '').lower() in the_file.replace(' ', '').lower(): 
            the_props = font_manager.FontProperties(fname=the_file) 
            print "\t" + the_props.get_name() 
 
    print('') 
    font_in_file_name = font_name.replace(' ', '') 
    print("Files found through file system with '" + font_in_file_name + "' in file name:") 
    for font_dir in ['/Users/Rax/Library/Fonts/', '/Library/Fonts/', '/System/Library/Fonts/']: 
        for file in glob.glob(font_dir + font_in_file_name + '*.*'): 
            print("\t" + file)

确认所需的字体存在

** Open Sans 
Names reported by font_manager for fonts in font_manager-found files with 'Open Sans' in file name: 
    Open Sans 
    Open Sans 
    Open Sans 
    Open Sans 
    Open Sans 
    Open Sans 
    Open Sans 
    Open Sans 
    Open Sans 
    Open Sans 
 
Files found through file system with 'OpenSans' in file name: 
    /Users/Rax/Library/Fonts/OpenSans-Bold.ttf 
    /Users/Rax/Library/Fonts/OpenSans-BoldItalic.ttf 
    /Users/Rax/Library/Fonts/OpenSans-ExtraBold.ttf 
    /Users/Rax/Library/Fonts/OpenSans-ExtraBoldItalic.ttf 
    /Users/Rax/Library/Fonts/OpenSans-Italic.ttf 
    /Users/Rax/Library/Fonts/OpenSans-Light.ttf 
    /Users/Rax/Library/Fonts/OpenSans-LightItalic.ttf 
    /Users/Rax/Library/Fonts/OpenSans-Regular.ttf 
    /Users/Rax/Library/Fonts/OpenSans-Semibold.ttf 
    /Users/Rax/Library/Fonts/OpenSans-SemiboldItalic.ttf 
 
** Lucida Grande 
Names reported by font_manager for fonts in font_manager-found files with 'Lucida Grande' in file name: 
 
Files found through file system with 'LucidaGrande' in file name: 
    /System/Library/Fonts/LucidaGrande.ttc 
 
** Avenir 
Names reported by font_manager for fonts in font_manager-found files with 'Avenir' in file name: 
 
Files found through file system with 'Avenir' in file name: 
    /System/Library/Fonts/Avenir Next Condensed.ttc 
    /System/Library/Fonts/Avenir Next.ttc 
    /System/Library/Fonts/Avenir.ttc 
 
** Arial 
Names reported by font_manager for fonts in font_manager-found files with 'Arial' in file name: 
    Arial 
    Arial Black 
    Arial 
    Arial 
    Arial Narrow 
    Arial Narrow 
    Arial Narrow 
    Arial Rounded MT Bold 
    Arial 
    Arial Unicode MS 
    Arial Narrow 
 
Files found through file system with 'Arial' in file name: 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Black.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Bold Italic.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Bold.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Italic.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Narrow Bold Italic.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Narrow Bold.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Narrow Italic.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Narrow.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Rounded Bold.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Unicode.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/ArialHB.ttc

我正在运行 OSX 10.9.1，并且如上面的代码所述，使用 OSXInstalledFonts 而不是 findSystemFonts 会产生相同的结果。

请您参考如下方法:

当你也输出 the_props._file 时会发生什么？ 

import matplotlib 
import matplotlib.font_manager as font_manager 
import glob 
 
the_files = font_manager.findSystemFonts(fontpaths=None) 
# Using the_files = font_manager.OSXInstalledFonts() produces the same results 
for font_name in ['Open Sans', 'Lucida Grande', 'Avenir', 'Arial']: 
    print('') 
    print('** ' + font_name) 
    print("Names reported by font_manager for fonts in font_manager-found files with '" + font_name + "' in file name:") 
    for the_file in the_files: 
        if font_name.replace(' ', '').lower() in the_file.replace(' ', '').lower(): 
            the_props = font_manager.FontProperties(fname=the_file) 
            print "\t" + the_props.get_name(),  
            print '\t\t', the_props._file 
 
    print('') 
    font_in_file_name = font_name.replace(' ', '') 
    print("Files found through file system with '" + font_in_file_name + "' in file name:") 
    for font_dir in ['/Users/Rax/Library/Fonts/', '/Library/Fonts/', '/System/Library/Fonts/']: 
        for file in glob.glob(font_dir + font_in_file_name + '*.*'): 
            print("\t" + file)

对我来说输出

** Open Sans 
Names reported by font_manager for fonts in font_manager-found files with 'Open Sans' in file name: 
 
Files found through file system with 'OpenSans' in file name: 
 
** Lucida Grande 
Names reported by font_manager for fonts in font_manager-found files with 'Lucida Grande' in file name: 
 
Files found through file system with 'LucidaGrande' in file name: 
    /System/Library/Fonts/LucidaGrande.ttc 
 
** Avenir 
Names reported by font_manager for fonts in font_manager-found files with 'Avenir' in file name: 
 
Files found through file system with 'Avenir' in file name: 
    /System/Library/Fonts/Avenir Next Condensed.ttc 
    /System/Library/Fonts/Avenir Next.ttc 
    /System/Library/Fonts/Avenir.ttc 
 
** Arial 
Names reported by font_manager for fonts in font_manager-found files with 'Arial' in file name: 
    Arial       /Library/Fonts/Arial Bold Italic.ttf 
    Arial Black         /Library/Fonts/Arial Black.ttf 
    Arial       /Library/Fonts/Microsoft/Arial.ttf 
    Arial       /Library/Fonts/Microsoft/Arial Italic.ttf 
    Arial       /Library/Fonts/Arial Italic.ttf 
    Arial       /Library/Fonts/Microsoft/Arial Bold Italic.ttf 
    Arial       /Library/Fonts/Arial.ttf 
    Arial Narrow        /Library/Fonts/Arial Narrow.ttf 
    Arial Narrow        /Library/Fonts/Arial Narrow Bold.ttf 
    Arial Narrow        /Library/Fonts/Arial Narrow Italic.ttf 
    Arial       /Library/Fonts/Microsoft/Arial Bold.ttf 
    Arial Rounded MT Bold       /Library/Fonts/Arial Rounded Bold.ttf 
    Arial       /Library/Fonts/Arial Bold.ttf 
    Arial Unicode MS        /Library/Fonts/Arial Unicode.ttf 
    Arial Narrow        /Library/Fonts/Arial Narrow Bold Italic.ttf 
 
Files found through file system with 'Arial' in file name: 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Black.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Bold Italic.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Bold.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Italic.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Narrow Bold Italic.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Narrow Bold.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Narrow Italic.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Narrow.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Rounded Bold.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial Unicode.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/Arial.ttf 
    /Library/Fonts/ArialHB.ttc

我在我的电脑上试过了，我没有 Open Sans 或 Avenir，但 Lucida Grande 出现在“通过文件系统找到的文件..”循环中。但是，当我尝试绘图时，它看起来像 Arial:http://nbviewer.ipython.org/gist/olgabot/8099973

我认为 matplotlib 正在 /Library/Fonts 而不是 /System/Library/Fonts 或 /Users 中寻找字体/.../图书馆/字体。所以我的建议是，如果可以的话，将 .ttf 文件复制到 /Library/Fonts。如果没有，那么 this question指定如何从完整路径加载字体。

似乎 .ttc 字体文件也有一些问题，所以我会尽可能坚持使用 .ttf。


  文章来源：
  https://blog.windname.com/post/abbbci2b1.html
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