我从 mp3 的 10 秒剪辑中获取了振幅数据。然后我对其执行快速傅里叶变换以获取频域中剪辑的数据(如第一张图所示)。我现在想确定峰值所在的频率。
我首先对数据进行平滑处理,这可以在下面的蓝色和红色图中看到。我创建了一个阈值,峰值必须超过才能被考虑。这是下面第三个图上的水平蓝线。可以看出,我的峰值检测代码在一定程度上起作用了。
我现在遇到的问题在下面显示的最终情节中很明显。我的代码正在寻找作为整体峰值一部分的局部最大值的最大值。我需要一种方法来过滤掉这些局部最大值,以便对于每个峰值,我只得到一个标记。即对于下面显示的峰值,我只希望在绝对峰值处有一个标记,而不是沿途的每个小峰值。
我的峰值检测代码如下所示:
for i, item in enumerate(xavg): #xavg contains all the smoothed data points
if xavg[i] > threshold: #points must be above the threshold
#if not the first or last point (so index isn't out of range)
if (i > 0) and (i < (len(xavg)-1)):
#greater than points on either side
if (xavg[i] > xavg[i-1]) and (xavg[i] > xavg[i+1]):
max_locations.append(i)
编辑:我认为我没有足够清楚地说明我的问题。我想找到图中 5 个左右最高尖峰的位置,而不仅仅是整体最高点。我基本上是想通过标记其主频率来为剪辑提供音频指纹。
EDIT2:一些更多的代码来帮助展示我在 FFT 和平滑方面所做的工作:
def movingaverage(interval, window_size):
window = np.ones(int(window_size))/float(window_size)
return np.convolve(interval, window, 'same')
fft = np.fft.rfft(song)
xavg = movingaverage(abs(fft), 21)
请您参考如下方法:
您的值可以划分为交替的超过阈值和低于阈值的区域。当您找到局部最大值时,请跟踪哪个最大值,直到您的值再次降至阈值以下。将“区域”最大值放在一边作为真正的峰值,然后继续下一个超过阈值的区域。像这样的东西:
# Store the true peaks
peaks = []
# If you consider the first value a possible local maxima.
# Otherwise, just initialize max_location to (None, 0)
if xavg[0] > xavg[1]:
max_location = (0, xavg[0])
else:
max_location = (None,0) # position and value
# Use a slice to skip the first and last items.
for i, item in enumerate(xavg[1:-1]):
if xavg[i] > threshold:
if ((xavg[i] > xavg[i-1]) and
(xavg[i] > xavg[i+1]) and
xavg[i] > max_location[1]):
max_location = (i, xavg[i])
else:
# If we found a previous largest local maxima, save it as a true
# peak, then reset the values until the next time we exceed the threshold
if max_location[0] is not None:
peaks.append(max_location[0])
max_location = None
max_location_value = 0
# Do you consider the last value a possible maximum?
if xavg[i+1] > xavg[i] and xavg[i+1] > max_location[1]:
max_location = (i+1, xavg[i+1])
# Check one last time if the last point was over threshold.
if max_location[0] is not None:
peaks.append(max_location[0])
