我正在学习Python / Django / MySQL三位一体，以主要使用Eclipse开发电子商务站点。我已经看到要描述的问题，在StackOverflow和国外Internet上询问了大约100种不同的方式，但是似乎每个问题都很独特，每个解决方案都不适合我。
在eclipse中，我在名为forms.py的文件的开头使用一些简单的导入语句来导入一些Django表单和我的个人“ Product”类，如下所示：
from django import forms
from ecomstore.catalog.models import Product
而且已经出现了问题：Eclipse在行上显示“未解决的导入：产品”警告，引用了“产品”。当我跑步时：
python manage.py validate
在命令行中，我收到名义上的错误：“ ImportError：未将模块命名为目录”，但我将其命名为_，因为此错误正在从目录“模块”的所有导入中出现。
现在，我绝对是Python领域的初学者，所以我认为我缺少明显的东西。在eclipse中，我当然将我的主“ ecomstore”目录设置为项目源，据我所知，它在PYTHONPATH中添加了“ ecomstore”，因此允许我引用其中的项目。相关的目录结构，以进一步说明要点：
-ecomstore
---- + manage.py
----其他一些目录
- - 目录
------- + models.py
------- + forms.py <-活动文件要求导入
---- ecomstore <-实际项目文件夹，包含settings.py等。
------- + settings.py
抱歉，我的术语不对，我仍在从Java过渡过来，要花一些时间来学习专业术语。
我指出我的“项目文件夹”与项目的根文件夹具有相同的名称，因为我看到了同名目录引起的一些问题，但是即使在我将根级别目录更改为“测试”之后，导入仍然失败，所以我排除了它，但也许我做错了。另外，请注意，forms.py与models.py位于同一目录中，models.py是包含我的“ Product”类的文件...这并不意味着即使在Eclipse中我的源文件夹设置未能添加时本身到PYTHONPATH，导入应该仍然有效，因为Python会尝试从“”目录（也就是从中调用导入的目录）加载？我确信我的逻辑在某处存在缺陷，这就是为什么我来寻求帮助。
如果有帮助的话，这里是models.py的相关内容，因为也许问题出在我的文件设置中，但是，就像我说的那样，这个问题发生在整个项目的多个位置，尽管只有导入摘自“目录”。
class Product(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
slug = models.SlugField(max_length=50,
unique=True,
help_text='Unique value for product page URL, created from name.')
brand = models.CharField(max_length=50)
sku = models.CharField(max_length=50)
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=9,
decimal_places=2,)
old_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=9,
decimal_places=2,
blank=True,default=0.00)
image = models.CharField(max_length=50)
description = models.TextField()
is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
is_bestseller = models.BooleanField(default=False)
is_featured = models.BooleanField(default=False)
meta_keywords = models.CharField("Meta Keywords",
max_length=255,
help_text='Comma-delimited set of SEO keywords for meta tag')
meta_description = models.CharField("Meta Description",
max_length=255,
help_text='Content for description meta tag')
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
updated_at = models.DateTimeField(Auto_now=True)
categories = models.ManyToManyField(Category)
class Meta:
db_table = 'products'
ordering = ['-created_at']
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
@models.permalink
def get_absolute_url(self):
return ('catalog_product',(), { 'product_slug': self.slug })
def sale_price(self):
if self.old_price > self.price:
return self.price
else:
return None
编辑1
我忘了提一下，我曾尝试从“ ecomstore.catalog.models”中删除“ ecomstore”，但是虽然可以解决Eclipse错误，但验证错误仍然相同。
编辑2
我打开了一个命令行并打印了sys.path，以查看正常情况。那里通常是C：\ Python27的东西，但是没有引用ecomstore的东西...我认为manage.db为我添加了它，因为我正在使用的书从未告诉过我sys.path的问题...这可能是我的错误？ “ python manage.db validate”如何确切地知道在我的根ecomstore文件夹中查找？凭借其在根文件夹中的位置？
编辑3
在试图解决该问题的所有摆弄中，服务器本身完全陷入了“ ImportError：没有名为目录的模块”的问题。现在，如果我尝试执行任何操作-甚至只是
runserver，它都会引发错误。
编辑4
以下是我的manage.py，位于我的根ecomstore目录中。自django创建以来，我一直未对其进行编辑，但我认为我会添加它，以防django安装中出现异常。
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys
if __name__ == "__main__":
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "ecomstore.settings")
from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
现在，冗长的settings.py，我当然在项目上进行了编辑。该目录位于ecomstore根项目目录内的ecomstore目录中（请参阅上面的目录图，我现在将settings.py文件添加到其中）。
# Django settings for ecomstore project.
DEBUG = True
TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG
ADMINS = (
# ('Your Name', 'your_email@example.com'),
)
MANAGERS = ADMINS
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # Add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
'NAME': 'ecomstore', # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
### EDITED OUT USER CREDENTIALS FOR STACK OVERFLOW ###
'HOST': '', # Empty for localhost through domain sockets or '127.0.0.1' for localhost through TCP.
'PORT': '', # Set to empty string for default.
}
}
import os
#hack to accommodate Windows
CURRENT_PATH = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__).decode('utf-8')).replace('\\', '/')
# Hosts/domain names that are valid for this site; required if DEBUG is False
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.5/ref/settings/#allowed-hosts
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
# Local time zone for this installation. Choices can be found here:
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_zones_by_name
# although not all choices may be available on all operating systems.
# In a Windows environment this must be set to your system time zone.
TIME_ZONE = 'America/Chicago'
# Language code for this installation. All choices can be found here:
# http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/language-identifiers.html
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
SITE_ID = 1
# If you set this to False, Django will make some optimizations so as not
# to load the internationalization machinery.
USE_I18N = True
# If you set this to False, Django will not format dates, numbers and
# calendars according to the current locale.
USE_L10N = True
# If you set this to False, Django will not use timezone-aware datetimes.
USE_TZ = True
# Absolute filesystem path to the directory that will hold user-uploaded files.
# Example: "/var/www/example.com/media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = ''
# URL that handles the media served from MEDIA_ROOT. Make sure to use a
# trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://example.com/media/", "http://media.example.com/"
MEDIA_URL = ''
# Absolute path to the directory static files should be collected to.
# Don't put anything in this directory yourself; store your static files
# in apps' "static/" subdirectories and in STATICFILES_DIRS.
# Example: "/var/www/example.com/static/"
STATIC_ROOT = ''
# URL prefix for static files.
# Example: "http://example.com/static/", "http://static.example.com/"
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# Additional locations of static files
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(CURRENT_PATH, 'static'),
# Put strings here, like "/home/html/static" or "C:/www/django/static".
# Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
# Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)
# List of finder classes that know how to find static files in
# various locations.
STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
# 'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.DefaultStorageFinder',
)
# Make this unique, and don't share it with anybody.
# Naturally, edited this out for Stack Overflow as well, never edited it though anyways.
# List of callables that know how to import templates from various sources.
TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
# 'django.template.loaders.eggs.Loader',
)
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
# Uncomment the next line for simple clickjacking protection:
# 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)
ROOT_URLCONF = 'ecomstore.urls'
# Python dotted path to the WSGI application used by Django's runserver.
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'ecomstore.wsgi.application'
TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
os.path.join(CURRENT_PATH, 'templates'),
# Put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates" or "C:/www/django/templates".
# Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
# Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.sites',
'ecomstore.catalog',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
'django.contrib.admin',
'catalog',
# Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
# 'django.contrib.admindocs',
)
# A sample logging configuration. The only tangible logging
# performed by this configuration is to send an email to
# the site admins on every HTTP 500 error when DEBUG=False.
# See http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/logging for
# more details on how to customize your logging configuration.
LOGGING = {
'version': 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False,
'filters': {
'require_debug_false': {
'()': 'django.utils.log.RequireDebugFalse'
}
},
'handlers': {
'mail_admins': {
'level': 'ERROR',
'filters': ['require_debug_false'],
'class': 'django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler'
}
},
'loggers': {
'django.request': {
'handlers': ['mail_admins'],
'level': 'ERROR',
'propagate': True,
},
}
}
我相信我现在只编辑了TEMPLATE_DIRS，STATICFILES_DIRS和INSTALLED_APPS，这对每个人来说都是显而易见的，但是在这里，一切都是如此。
编辑5
我至少解决了一部分问题，并隔离了该问题。通过将
ecomstore.catalog和
catalog都从我的
INSTALLED_APPS中删除，我设法重新获得了manage.py功能。但是，通过将这些itesm中的任何一个添加回INSTALLED_APPS会导致不同的问题。通过重新插入
ecomstore.catalog，我得到了
ImportError: No module named catalog。如果改用
catalog，则会出现此错误：
TypeError: __init__() got an unexpected keyowrd argument 'Auto_now'.
另外，请参阅下面的sys.path，这是我的初学者，在一开始设置整个过程时，我可能会感到困惑。
>>> print sys.path
['C:\\Users\\Sean\\Dropbox\\Website\\ecomstore',
'C:\\Python27\\lib\\site-packages\\distribute-0.6.35-py2.7.egg',
'C:\\Python27\\lib\\site-packages\\django_db_log-2.2.1-py2.7.egg',
'C:\\Windows\\system32\\python27.zip',
'C:\\Python27\\DLLs', 'C:\\Python27\\lib',
'C:\\Python27\\lib\\plat-win',
'C:\\Python27\\lib\\lib-tk',
'C:\\Python27',
'C:\\Users\\Sean\\AppData\\Roaming\\Python\\Python27\\site-packages',
'C:\\Python27\\lib\\site-packages',
'C:\\Python27\\lib\\site-packages\\win32',
'C:\\Python27\\lib\\site-packages\\win32\\lib',
'C:\\Python27\\lib\\site-packages\\Pythonwin']
请您参考如下方法:
导入时不需要包括ecomstore。您是否已将catalog添加到INSTALLED_APPS项目文件夹中settings.py中的ecomstore中？
例如。：
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.sites',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
'django.contrib.admin',
# Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
# 'django.contrib.admindocs',
'catalog'
)
