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python之matplotlib之具有不同基指数和图例的辅助 Y 轴

2025年05月04日10lyj

所以我现在开始使用 matplotlib 处理更复杂的图形,并尝试使用以下绘图和代码。

fig_base = pylab.figure() 
fig1 = fig_base.add_subplot(111) 
lns1 = fig1.plot(manXnames, Ynames, marker='s', color='g') 
lns2 = fig1.plot(Vt_X, Vt_Y, marker='^', color='r') 
 
# yticks on left 
locs,labels = yticks() 
pylab.yticks(locs, map(lambda x: "%g" % x, locs*1e3)) 
 
#axis labels     
pylab.xlabel('Temperature (C)')  
pylab.ylabel('Emitter Voltage (mV)', labelpad=20) 
pylab.xticks(rotation=45) 
 
fig2 = fig1.twinx() 
lns3 = fig2.plot(manXnames, Vterror, marker='o', linestyle='-')  
 
# xticks 
locs,labels = xticks() 
pylab.xticks(locs, map(lambda x: "%g" % x, locs)) 
 
# yticks on right 
locs,labels = yticks() 
pylab.yticks(locs, map(lambda x: "%g" % x, locs)) 
 
#2nd axis labels     
pylab.ylabel('Percentage Error %', labelpad=20) 
pylab.show() 

我的两个问题如下:

  1. 我认为我以一种奇怪的方式完成了基数指数修饰符,因为我有两个 y 轴。有没有更好的方法来绘制双轴图,因为我似乎只是通过将它直接放在轴的 .plot 之后来破解它。
  2. 另外,因为我有两个独立的轴,所以我无法让图例正常工作。

我尝试了以下来自 here 的类似问题答案

import numpy as np 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
from matplotlib import rc 
rc('mathtext', default='regular') 
 
time = np.arange(10) 
temp = np.random.random(10)*30 
Swdown = np.random.random(10)*100-10 
Rn = np.random.random(10)*100-10 
 
fig = plt.figure() 
ax = fig.add_subplot(111) 
 
lns1 = ax.plot(time, Swdown, '-', label = 'Swdown') 
lns2 = ax.plot(time, Rn, '-', label = 'Rn') 
ax2 = ax.twinx() 
lns3 = ax2.plot(time, temp, '-r', label = 'temp') 
 
lns = lns1+lns2+lns3 
labs = [l.get_label() for l in lns] 
ax.legend(lns, labs, loc=0) 
 
ax.grid() 
ax.set_xlabel("Time (h)") 
ax.set_ylabel(r"Radiation ($MJ\,m^{-2}\,d^{-1}$)") 
ax2.set_ylabel(r"Temperature ($^\circ$C)") 
ax2.set_ylim(0, 35) 
ax.set_ylim(-20,100) 
plt.show() 

因此我的代码中有 lns。但每次我以这种方式运行时,Pylab 都会崩溃而不会报错。

任何人都可以帮助解决这些问题吗?

编辑:这是我在使用从 macduff 的回复中复制的完全相同的代码时遇到的错误,这与我提到的代码相同。

In [16]: te.test() 
 
C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\legend.py:610: UserWarning: Legend does 
 not support [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x04F8D410>] 
Use proxy artist instead. 
http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/users/legend_guide.html#using-proxy-artist 
  warnings.warn("Legend does not support %s\nUse proxy artist instead.\n\nhttp:/ 
/matplotlib.sourceforge.net/users/legend_guide.html#using-proxy-artist\n" % (str 
(orig_handle),)) 
C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\legend.py:610: UserWarning: Legend does 
 not support [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x04F8D630>] 
Use proxy artist instead. 
http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/users/legend_guide.html#using-proxy-artist 
  warnings.warn("Legend does not support %s\nUse proxy artist instead.\n\nhttp:/ 
/matplotlib.sourceforge.net/users/legend_guide.html#using-proxy-artist\n" % (str 
(orig_handle),)) 
C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\legend.py:610: UserWarning: Legend does 
 not support [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x04FB4D90>] 
Use proxy artist instead. 
http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/users/legend_guide.html#using-proxy-artist 
  warnings.warn("Legend does not support %s\nUse proxy artist instead.\n\nhttp:/ 
/matplotlib.sourceforge.net/users/legend_guide.html#using-proxy-artist\n" % (str 
(orig_handle),)) 

请您参考如下方法:

因此,您似乎对图例未按您希望的方式工作感到不安。 当我采用你的例程时,添加一些你省略的测试数据;-),并添加一个 传奇,我没有问题。让我知道如何帮助解决这个问题 出。

import pylab 
from pylab import * 
import numpy as np 
 
manXnames = np.array(range(0,120)) 
Ynames = (8.3333333333333331e-05)*manXnames + 0.01 
Vt_X = manXnames 
Vt_Y = (12.0/1000.0)*np.exp(-0.01*(120-manXnames)) 
Vterror = Ynames + randn(size(Ynames)) 
 
fig_base = pylab.figure() 
fig1 = fig_base.add_subplot(111) 
lns1 = fig1.plot(manXnames, Ynames, marker='s', color='g',label='Plain Line') 
lns2 = fig1.plot(Vt_X, Vt_Y, marker='^', color='r',label='V_t') 
 
# yticks on left 
locs,labels = yticks() 
pylab.yticks(locs, map(lambda x: "%g" % x, locs*1e3)) 
 
#axis labels 
pylab.xlabel('Temperature (C)')  
pylab.ylabel('Emitter Voltage (mV)', labelpad=20) 
pylab.xticks(rotation=45) 
 
fig2 = fig1.twinx() 
lns3 = fig2.plot(manXnames, Vterror, marker='o', linestyle='-',label='V_terror')  
 
# xticks 
locs,labels = xticks() 
pylab.xticks(locs, map(lambda x: "%g" % x, locs)) 
 
# yticks on right 
locs,labels = yticks() 
pylab.yticks(locs, map(lambda x: "%g" % x, locs)) 
 
#2nd axis labels     
pylab.ylabel('Percentage Error %', labelpad=20) 
 
pylab.legend((lns1, lns2, lns3), ('Plain Line', 'V_t', 'V_t Error')) 
pylab.show() 

稍后我会添加我的输出图。