我创建了一个如下所示的 python 包:
/command
/command
module.py
__main__.py
README.md
setup.py
file.txt
安装我运行:
sudo python setup.py install
现在当我打电话
$ command
它显示了这个错误:
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '../file.txt'
大概有模块setup.py、__main__.py和module.py
的内容setup.py
import setuptools
setuptools.setup(
name='command',
...
entry_points={
'console_scripts': [
'command = command.__main__:main'
]
}
)
__main__.py
from . import module
def main():
module.run('arg')
module.py
import shutil
# copy file.txt from command project into the directory where it is running
def run(arg):
shutil.copyfile('../file.txt', './file.txt')
通过以下方式安装此包后:
sudo python setup.py install
并在命令行调用程序
$ command
我得到以下错误
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '../file.txt'
如何查看和使用属于已安装包的文件，但我要在运行该程序的环境中使用它？
编辑:
This a simplification of the problem you can download and test:
请您参考如下方法:
经过大量研究，我找到了解决这个问题的方法以及它的工作原理。这有点令人困惑，其他 stackoverflow 答案都没有真正的解释。我想在这里试试:
我制作了一个示例项目，仅用于演示和测试解决方案。我想出了两种解决方案:一种使用 setup() 函数的 data_files 参数，另一种使用我最喜欢的 package_data 参数。
Here is the link to the github repo you can download and test
安装运行后使用
proj init <some-name>
但简而言之，每种方法都有最重要的模块。
使用 data_files= 参数方法:
项目结构:
project_initializer
project_initializer
__init__.py
__main__.py
init.py
README.md
setup.py
在setup.py
import setuptools
import os
import sys
PROJECT_NAME = "project_initializer"
DATA_DIR = os.path.join(
sys.prefix, "local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages", PROJECT_NAME)
setuptools.setup(
name='project_initializer',
version='0.1.0',
packages=setuptools.find_packages(),
install_requires=[
'docopt'
],
data_files=[ # is the important part
(DATA_DIR, [
"README.md",
".gitignore"
])
],
entry_points={
'console_scripts': [
'proj = project_initializer.__main__:main'
]
}
)
在init.py
import subprocess
import os
import shutil
import sys
"""Create a new project and initialize it with a .gitignore file
@params project: name of a project to be initialized
effects:
/project
README.md
README.md in the created project directory must be the same as the README.md in THIS directory
"""
PROJECT_NAME = "project_initializer"
DATA_DIR = os.path.join(
sys.prefix, "local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages", PROJECT_NAME)
def run(project):
os.mkdir(project)
shutil.copyfile(os.path.join(DATA_DIR, "README.md"),
f"{project}/README.md") # problem solved
if __name__ == '__main__':
run("hello-world")
使用 package_data= ARGUMENT METHOD(我更喜欢)
项目结构:
project_initializer
project_initializer
data/
README.md # the file we want to copy
__init__.py
__main__.py
init.py
README.md
setup.py
在setup.py
import setuptools
setuptools.setup(
name='project_initializer',
version='0.1.0',
packages=setuptools.find_packages(),
package_dir={'project_initializer': 'project_initializer'}, # are the ...
package_data={'project_initializer': [ # ... important parameters
'data/README.md', 'data/.gitignore']},
install_requires=[
'docopt'
],
entry_points={
'console_scripts': [
'proj = project_initializer.__main__:main'
]
}
)
在init.py
import subprocess
import os
import shutil
import sys
PROJECT_DIR = os.path.dirname(__file__)
"""Create a new project and initialize it with a .gitignore file
@params project: name of a project to be initialized
effects:
/project
.gitignore
.gitignore in the created project directory must be the same as the gitignore in THIS directory
"""
def run(project):
os.mkdir(project)
shutil.copyfile(os.path.join(PROJECT_DIR, 'data/README.md'),
f"{project}/README.md") # problem solved
if __name__ == '__main__':
run("hello-world")
我更喜欢最后一种方法的原因是你不必在 setup.py 模块中导入任何东西，这可能是一种不好的做法。我想 setup.py 文件中不应导入任何内容，因为它是主包的外部文件。
要更详细地解释这两个参数之间的区别，请查看 python 文档
