下面我有一个示例程序。按下按钮时，需要一秒钟才能计算出要显示的值。如果用户快速连续按下按钮，他们最终会等待很长时间才能看到最后一个答案，这是他们唯一关心的答案。在代码中可以看到_dataCruncher函数需要知道self._count，但是self._count并不依赖于输出_dataCruncher。
因此，我的问题是如何在后续调用中中断 _dataCruncher 的正常执行，以便让 GUI 可以自由地做其他事情，并且在它不在时不浪费处理时间需要吗？我意识到我可能需要使用一个线程来运行 _dataCruncher 和某种 Queue 来获得适当的 val 来显示，但我不明白如何把这个一起。
from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore
import sys
import time
import random
import random
class MainWindow(QtGui.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
self.app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
super(MainWindow, self).__init__()
self.count = 0
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
# Layouts
central = QtGui.QWidget()
layout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
self.button = QtGui.QPushButton('Press Me')
self.text = QtGui.QLabel('?')
layout.addWidget(self.button)
layout.addWidget(self.text)
central.setLayout(layout)
self.setCentralWidget(central)
self.button.clicked.connect(self._buttonClicked)
def _dataCruncher(self, val):
time.sleep(1) # takes a long time to process data using val
return val * random.randint(1,10)
def _buttonClicked(self):
self.count += 1
val = self._dataCruncher(self.count)
self.text.setText('Value {}'.format(val))
def startup(self):
self.show()
result = self.app.exec_()
sys.exit(result)
if __name__ == '__main__':
random.seed()
myWindow = MainWindow()
myWindow.startup()
请您参考如下方法:
所以，找到这个问题的答案比我想象的要复杂。正如@MTset 在其中一条评论中提到的那样，python 不提供任何取消线程执行的方法。所以，我所做的是创建一个处理线程的“threadHandler”类。它跟踪创建的最后一个线程，并提供一种方法来获取最后一个线程的执行结果。
我正在发布原始帖子的测试代码的修改版本以及完整的 threadHandler 代码，以防有人使用它。
这里是文件 1
# tester.py, run this file
from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore
import random, sys, time
from threadHandler import MyThreadHandler
class MyModel(object):
def dataCruncher(self, val):
delay = random.randint(1,5)
print('{} sleeping for {}'.format(val, delay))
time.sleep(delay) # takes a long time to process data using val
print('{} done sleeping'.format(val))
return val
class MainWindow(QtGui.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self, threadHandler):
self.app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
super(MainWindow, self).__init__()
self.count = 0
self.initUI()
self.button_clicked_events = Event()
self.threadHandler = threadHandler
def initUI(self):
# Layouts
central = QtGui.QWidget()
layout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
self.button = QtGui.QPushButton('Press Me')
self.text = QtGui.QLabel('?')
layout.addWidget(self.button)
layout.addWidget(self.text)
central.setLayout(layout)
self.setCentralWidget(central)
self.button.clicked.connect(self._buttonClicked)
def _buttonClicked(self):
self.count += 1
self.button_clicked_events(self.count)
def setLabel(self, val):
self.text.setText(str(val))
def startup(self):
self.show()
result = self.app.exec_()
return result
class Event(list):
"""Event subscription.
A list of callable objects. Calling an instance of this will cause a
call to each item in the list in ascending order by index.
Example Usage:
>>> def f(x):
... print 'f(%s)' % x
>>> def g(x):
... print 'g(%s)' % x
>>> e = Event()
>>> e()
>>> e.append(f)
>>> e(123)
f(123)
>>> e.remove(f)
>>> e()
>>> e += (f, g)
>>> e(10)
f(10)
g(10)
>>> del e[0]
>>> e(2)
g(2)
"""
def __init__(self):
self.output = {}
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
for f,key in self:
output = f(*args, **kwargs)
self.output[key] = output
return self.output
def __repr__(self):
return "Event({})".format(list.__repr__(self))
if __name__ == '__main__':
def checker(handler, window):
if handler.isLastDone():
val = handler.getLastResult()
window.setLabel(val)
else:
window.setLabel('calculating...')
random.seed()
model = MyModel()
threadHandler = MyThreadHandler()
myWindow = MainWindow(threadHandler)
threadHandler.createTimer(1, checker, threadHandler, myWindow)
def getData(count):
threadHandler.createOneShot(model.dataCruncher, count)
myWindow.button_clicked_events.append((getData, 'dt'))
result = myWindow.startup()
print('ending')
threadHandler.end()
print('ended')
sys.exit(result)
下面的文件 2
#threadHandler.py, save this file in the same folder as tester.py
import threading, time
class MyThreadHandler(object):
def __init__(self):
self.oneShots = []
self.timers = []
self.oldOneShots = []
self.latest = None
self.cleaning = False
self._startCleaner()
def _startCleaner(self):
print('-'*20+'Starting cleaner'+'-'*20)
self.cleaner = self.createTimer(1, self._cleanupThreads)
def _stopCleaner(self):
print('-'*20+'Stopping cleaner'+'-'*20)
self.cleaner.stop()
def getNumThreads(self):
return len(self.oneShots)
def getNumOldThreads(self):
return len(self.oldOneShots)
def end(self):
for i,timer in enumerate(self.timers):
timer.stop()
self.timers.pop(i)
def createTimer(self, interval, func, *args, **kwargs):
timer = myTimer(interval, func, args, kwargs)
self.timers.append(timer)
return timer
def createOneShot(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
oneshot = myOneShot(func, args, kwargs)
self.oneShots.append(oneshot)
self.latest = oneshot
def isLastDone(self):
if not self.latest is None:
return not self.latest.running()
else:
return None
def getLastResult(self):
if self.latest is None:
raise ValueError('There have not been any oneshots created.')
while self.latest.running():
pass
result = self.latest.getResult()
if len(self.oneShots) > 0:
self.oldOneShots.append(myOneShot(self._cleanAll, (self.oneShots,)))
self.oneShots = []
return result
def _cleanAll(self, toClean):
# loop through toClean and pop up anything that's done. this DOES lock
while len(toClean) > 0:
toClean = self._cleanup(toClean)
def _cleanup(self, toCleanup):
while not self.cleaning:
self.cleaning = True
for i, thread in enumerate(toCleanup):
if not thread.running():
toCleanup.pop(i)
self.cleaning = False
return toCleanup
def _cleanupThreads(self):
# check each of these lists and pop out any threads that are done. This
# does not lock. This function should really only be called by the
# cleaner, which is set up in __init__
self.oneShots = self._cleanup(self.oneShots)
self.timers = self._cleanup(self.timers)
self.oldOneShots = self._cleanup(self.oldOneShots)
class myTimer(object):
def __init__(self, delay, func, args=tuple(), kwargs={}):
self.delay = delay
self.func = func
self.loop = True
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
self.thread = threading.Thread(target=self.run, daemon=True)
self.thread.start()
self.output = None
def run(self):
while self.loop:
self.output = self.func(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
if self.delay > 0.1:
count = 0
while count <= self.delay:
count += 0.1
time.sleep(0.1)
else:
time.sleep(self.delay)
def stop(self):
self.loop = False
def running(self):
return self.loop
def getResult(self):
return self.output
class myOneShot(object):
def __init__(self, func, args=tuple(), kwargs={}):
self.func = func
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
self.thread = threading.Thread(target=self.run, daemon=True)
self.thread.start()
self.output = None
def run(self):
self.output = self.func(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
def running(self):
return self.thread.is_alive()
def getResult(self):
return self.output
if __name__ == '__main__':
import random
random.seed()
def longFunc(num):
delay = random.randint(5,8)
if num in (3, 6):
delay = 2
print('-'*30+'func {} has sleep {}'.format(num, delay))
time.sleep(delay)
print('-'*30+'func {} is done'.format(num))
return num
def checker(handler):
if handler.isLastDone():
return handler.getLastResult()
else:
return None
myHandler = MyThreadHandler()
# The 'checker' function simulates something in my program that uses the
# data generated by the 'longFunc'. It waits until there are no more threads
# in the threadHandler, as that would indicate that the user is done
# switching back-and-forth between different values
checkTimer = myHandler.createTimer(1, checker, myHandler)
# create 10 one-shot threads that take a 'long' time. The delay is to keep
# them in order, as this loop is meant to simulate a user switching between
# items using a keyboard or mouse, which I imagine they couldn't do any
# faster than every 1/10th of a second
start = time.time()
for i in range(4):
myHandler.createOneShot(longFunc, i)
time.sleep(0.1)
# wait until there are no more threads executing
last = myHandler.getLastResult()
print('result from last = {}'.format(last))
for i in range(4, 7):
myHandler.createOneShot(longFunc, i)
time.sleep(0.1)
last = myHandler.getLastResult()
print('result from last = {}'.format(last))
while myHandler.getNumOldThreads() >0 or myHandler.getNumThreads() > 0:
pass
myHandler.end()
print('done ending')
