python之Django 异常 : django. core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured:

当我在 django shell 中运行相同的代码时，它对我来说工作正常。但是当我启动 Python 解释器 (Python 2) 来检查一些东西时，我在尝试导入时遇到错误 - from django.contrib.auth.models import User

import os 
import django 
django.setup() 
import smtplib 
import sys 
sys.path.insert(0, "/edx/app/edxapp/edx-platform/lms/djangoapps/courseware") 
import dateutil.relativedelta 
 
from django.conf import settings 
from django.contrib.auth.models import User 
from opaque_keys.edx.keys import CourseKey 
from courseware.models import StudentModule 
 
from datetime import datetime 
 
 
 
def PCSurvey_email(): 
    for student in StudentModule.objects.filter(module_type="PCSurvey"): 
        two_months_date =  datetime.now().date() - dateutil.relativedelta.relativedelta(months=2) 
        created = student.created.date() 
        if created == two_months_date : 
            user_id = student.student_id 
            user_email = User.objects.get(id = user_id).email 
            FROM = "user@example.com" 
            TO = [user_email] # must be a list 
            SUBJECT = "Hello!" 
            TEXT = "This message was sent with Python's smtplib." 
                        # Prepare actual message 
 
            message = """\ 
            From: %s 
            To: %s 
            Subject: %s 
            %s 
            """ % (FROM, ", ".join(TO), SUBJECT, TEXT) 
 
                # Send the mail 
 
            server = smtplib.SMTP('outlook.net') 
            server.sendmail(FROM, TO, message) 
            server.quit() 
 
     #deleting the module 
            smod = StudentModule.objects.get(module_type="PCSurvey", course_id = student.course_id, student_id= student.student_id) 
            smod.delete() 

我得到的错误是

    Traceback (most recent call last): 
  File "/edx/app/edxapp/edx-platform/lms/djangoapps/courseware/PCSurvey_email.py", line 4, in <module> 
    django.setup() 
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/__init__.py", line 22, in setup 
    configure_logging(settings.LOGGING_CONFIG, settings.LOGGING) 
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 53, in __getattr__ 
    self._setup(name) 
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 39, in _setup 
    % (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE)) 
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting LOGGING_CONFIG, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings. 

非常感谢对此的任何帮助。

请您参考如下方法:

Django 需要设置，以便正常运行，当您通过 manage.py shell 运行它时，manage.py 会照顾或为您设置它，但是通过 python 脚本执行它，需要手动设置。

您似乎也使用了您定义的模型，为了能够将它们导入到您的 python 脚本中，您需要将项目根文件夹的路径添加到当前 python 路径。

最后，你需要告诉 django 你的设置文件在哪里(在设置你的 django 之前)，在你的 manage.py 文件中，你应该有这样的东西:

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "myapp.settings") 

将其设为常量，将其命名为 * DEFAULT_SETTINGS_MODULE *，因此您现在拥有:

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", DEFAULT_SETTINGS_MODULE) 

现在您需要将常量导入脚本并告诉 django(通过设置环境变量)它应该在哪里寻找设置文件。

总而言之:

import sys, os 
sys.path.insert(0, "/path/to/parent/of/courseware") # /home/projects/my-djproj 
 
from manage import DEFAULT_SETTINGS_MODULE 
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", DEFAULT_SETTINGS_MODULE) 
 
import django 
django.setup()  

这样你就设置好了。