我正在尝试使用 keras 对线性和逻辑模型进行编码，并使用相同的数据进行训练，但遇到了这个令人困惑的错误。以下是代码和错误消息。
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras as tfk
import pandas as pd
def build_model(n_features, **kwargs):
model = tfk.models.Sequential([
tfk.layers.Dense(1, input_shape=[n_features, ], **kwargs)
])
optimizer = tfk.optimizers.SGD()
model.compile(loss=model, optimizer=optimizer, metrics=[tfk.metrics.binary_accuracy])
return model
if __name__ == '__main__':
data = get_data()
train_x, train_y, test_x, test_y = process_data(data)
class PrintDot(tfk.callbacks.Callback):
def on_epoch_end(self, epoch, logs):
if epoch % 100 == 0:
print('')
print('.', end='')
EPOCHS = 1000
BATCH_SIZE = None
d = len(train_x.keys())
linear = build_model(d)
sigmoid = build_model(d, activation=tfk.activations.sigmoid)
print(train_x.shape)
print(train_y.shape)
print(test_x.shape)
print(test_y.shape)
print(linear.summary())
print(sigmoid.summary())
linear_res = linear.fit(
train_x, train_y, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,
epochs=EPOCHS, validation_split=0.2, verbose=0,
callbacks=[PrintDot()])
sigmoid_res = sigmoid.fit(
train_x, train_y, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,
epochs=EPOCHS, validation_split=0.2, verbose=0,
callbacks=[PrintDot()])
loss_linear, acc_linear = linear.evaluate(test_x, test_y, verbose=0)
loss_sigmoid, acc_sigmoid = sigmoid.evaluate(test_x, test_y, verbose=0)
print("""
Linear: loss = {.2f} accuracy = {.2f}
Logistic: loss = {.2f} accuracy = {.2f}
""".format(loss_linear, acc_linear, loss_sigmoid, acc_sigmoid))
这里是数据的形状和模型摘要，看起来一点都没有错。
(736, 15)
(736,)
(184, 15)
(184,)
_________________________________________________________________
Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
=================================================================
dense (Dense) (None, 1) 16
=================================================================
Total params: 16
Trainable params: 16
Non-trainable params: 0
_________________________________________________________________
None
_________________________________________________________________
Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
=================================================================
dense_1 (Dense) (None, 1) 16
=================================================================
Total params: 16
Trainable params: 16
Non-trainable params: 0
_________________________________________________________________
None
这产生了一个错误:
tensorflow.python.framework.errors_impl.InvalidArgumentError: Matrix size-incompatible: In[0]: [32,1], In[1]: [15,1]
[[{{node loss/dense_loss/sequential/dense/MatMul}}]]
[[{{node ConstantFoldingCtrl/loss/dense_loss/broadcast_weights/assert_broadcastable/AssertGuard/Switch_0}}]]
我认为 32 是默认的批量大小，15 是我数据的维度/#columns，但为什么会有 [15, 1] 的数组？
以下是来自 tensorflow 的详细错误消息:
2019-07-09 14:47:57.381250: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:141] Your CPU supports instructions that this TensorFlow binary was not compiled to use: AVX AVX2
2019-07-09 14:47:57.636045: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1433] Found device 0 with properties:
name: GeForce GTX 1060 major: 6 minor: 1 memoryClockRate(GHz): 1.6705
pciBusID: 0000:01:00.0
totalMemory: 6.00GiB freeMemory: 4.97GiB
2019-07-09 14:47:57.636491: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1512] Adding visible gpu devices: 0
2019-07-09 14:47:58.354913: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:984] Device interconnect StreamExecutor with strength 1 edge matrix:
2019-07-09 14:47:58.355175: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:990] 0
2019-07-09 14:47:58.355332: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1003] 0: N
2019-07-09 14:47:58.355663: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1115] Created TensorFlow device (/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 with 4716 MB memory) -> physical GPU (device: 0, name: GeForce GTX 1060, pci bus id: 0000:01:00.0, compute capability: 6.1)
2019-07-09 14:47:58.953351: I tensorflow/stream_executor/dso_loader.cc:152] successfully opened CUDA library cublas64_100.dll locally
2019-07-09 14:47:59.396889: E tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cuda_blas.cc:510] failed to create cublas handle: CUBLAS_STATUS_ALLOC_FAILED
2019-07-09 14:47:59.397449: E tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cuda_blas.cc:510] failed to create cublas handle: CUBLAS_STATUS_ALLOC_FAILED
2019-07-09 14:47:59.399714: E tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cuda_blas.cc:510] failed to create cublas handle: CUBLAS_STATUS_ALLOC_FAILED
2019-07-09 14:47:59.402435: E tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cuda_blas.cc:510] failed to create cublas handle: CUBLAS_STATUS_ALLOC_FAILED
2019-07-09 14:47:59.402714: W tensorflow/stream_executor/stream.cc:2130] attempting to perform BLAS operation using StreamExecutor without BLAS support
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/charl/PycharmProjects/cs229_models/keras_logistic_regression.py", line 168, in <module>
callbacks=[PrintDot()])
File "C:\Users\charl\Anaconda3\envs\tensorflow-gpu\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\keras\engine\training.py", line 880, in fit
validation_steps=validation_steps)
File "C:\Users\charl\Anaconda3\envs\tensorflow-gpu\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\keras\engine\training_arrays.py", line 329, in model_iteration
batch_outs = f(ins_batch)
File "C:\Users\charl\Anaconda3\envs\tensorflow-gpu\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\keras\backend.py", line 3076, in __call__
run_metadata=self.run_metadata)
File "C:\Users\charl\Anaconda3\envs\tensorflow-gpu\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\client\session.py", line 1439, in __call__
run_metadata_ptr)
File "C:\Users\charl\Anaconda3\envs\tensorflow-gpu\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\framework\errors_impl.py", line 528, in __exit__
c_api.TF_GetCode(self.status.status))
tensorflow.python.framework.errors_impl.InvalidArgumentError: Matrix size-incompatible: In[0]: [32,1], In[1]: [15,1]
[[{{node loss/dense_loss/sequential/dense/MatMul}}]]
[[{{node ConstantFoldingCtrl/loss/dense_loss/broadcast_weights/assert_broadcastable/AssertGuard/Switch_0}}]]
请您参考如下方法:
也许我误解了什么，但是你在编译时写 model.compile(loss=model...) 的原因是什么？我的理解是 keras 中的损失函数总是需要输入 loss_function(y_true, y_pred) 的形式。
正如您所说，我希望 [32,1] 是单批 train_y 数据的形状，而 [15, 1] 是模型(用作损失函数)预期的输入形状，因此会出现不兼容错误。
可能也有助于指定 process_data(data) 的作用。
我无法在 loss=model 运行时获取代码，但我尝试使用类似的代码重现您的问题，您可以在此处的 colab 中查看:https://drive.google.com/open?id=1MWLMpPUBKorRdMCa3ekK50AnEVH9Vtyc
!pip install tensorflow-gpu==1.14.0
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras as tfk
import pandas as pd
print(tf.__version__)
def build_model(n_features, **kwargs):
model = tfk.models.Sequential([
tfk.layers.Dense(1, input_shape=[n_features, ], **kwargs)
])
optimizer = tfk.optimizers.SGD()
model.compile(loss='mean_squared_error', optimizer=optimizer, metrics=[tfk.metrics.binary_accuracy])
return model
train_x = np.random.rand(736, 15)
train_y = np.random.rand(736,)
class PrintDot(tfk.callbacks.Callback):
def on_epoch_end(self, epoch, logs):
if epoch % 100 == 0:
print('')
print('.', end='')
EPOCHS = 1000
BATCH_SIZE = None
d = train_x.shape[1]
linear = build_model(d)
sigmoid = build_model(d, activation=tfk.activations.sigmoid)
print(train_x.shape)
print(train_y.shape)
print(linear.summary())
print(sigmoid.summary())
linear_res = linear.fit(
train_x, train_y, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,
epochs=EPOCHS, validation_split=0.2, verbose=0,
callbacks=[PrintDot()])
sigmoid_res = sigmoid.fit(
train_x, train_y, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,
epochs=EPOCHS, validation_split=0.2, verbose=0,
callbacks=[PrintDot()])
这按预期工作，训练运行没有错误。与您的代码的主要区别是我使用了 loss='mean_squared_error' 并创建了虚拟数据
train_x = np.random.rand(736, 15)
train_y = np.random.rand(736,)
