python之Django 测试用户对象

我正在测试本教程中的一个 Django 应用程序:http://tutorial.djangogirls.org/en/django_admin/README.html

我已经创建了一个测试:

from django.test import TestCase 
from django.utils import timezone 
from .models import Post 
from django.contrib.auth.models import User 
 
# Create your tests here. 
class PostTest(TestCase): 
    def test_create_post(self): 
        # Create the post 
        post = Post() 
 
        # Set the attributes 
        post.author = User 
        post.title = 'My first post' 
        post.text = 'This is my first blog post' 
        post.published_date = timezone.now() 
        post.created_date = timezone.now() 
 
        # Save it 
        post.save() 
 
        # Check we can find it 
        all_posts = Post.objects.all() 
        self.assertEquals(len(all_posts), 1) 
        only_post = all_posts[0] 
        self.assertEquals(only_post, post) 
 
        # Check attributes 
        self.assertEquals(only_post.author, User) 
        self.assertEquals(only_post.title, 'My first post') 
        self.assertEquals(only_post.text, 'This is my first blog post') 
        self.assertEquals(only_post.published_date.day, post.published_date.day) 
        self.assertEquals(only_post.published_date.month, post.published_date.month) 
        self.assertEquals(only_post.published_date.year, post.published_date.year) 
        self.assertEquals(only_post.published_date.hour, post.published_date.hour) 
        self.assertEquals(only_post.published_date.minute, post.published_date.minute) 
        self.assertEquals(only_post.published_date.second, post.published_date.second) 
        self.assertEquals(only_post.created_date.day, post.created_date.day) 
        self.assertEquals(only_post.created_date.month, post.created_date.month) 
        self.assertEquals(only_post.created_date.year, post.created_date.year) 
        self.assertEquals(only_post.created_date.hour, post.created_date.hour) 
        self.assertEquals(only_post.created_date.minute, post.created_date.minute) 
        self.assertEquals(only_post.created_date.second, post.created_date.second) 

当我运行 python manage.py test 时出现此错误:

Creating test database for alias 'default'... 
 
ERROR: test_create_post (blog.tests.PostTest) 
 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
File     "C:\Users\shenk\Documents\Programming\django_projects\djangogirls\blog\tests.py"    , line 13, in test_create_post 
post.author = User 
File      "c:\Users\shenk\Documents\Programming\django_projects\djangogirls\myvenv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\related.py", line 627, in __set__ 
self.field.rel.to._meta.object_name, 
ValueError: Cannot assign "<class 'django.contrib.auth.models.User'>":     "Post.author" must be a "User" instance. 
 
---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Ran 1 test in 0.001s 

如何创建用户实例对象来测试帖子？在我的模型中，它被定义为 author = models.ForeignKey('auth.User')

请您参考如下方法:

这一行看起来很假:

# Set the attributes 
post.author = User 

post.author 期望您为其分配 User 类的实例，而不是 User 类本身。尝试类似的东西:

u = User(...) 
u.save() 
post.author = u