我将我的 django 结构组织成一个 views 和 urls 文件夹。 在 /appfolder/urls/_ init _.py 或 url 中的任何地方导入 django.contrib.auth.views.login像这样查看文件夹:
from django.contrib.auth.views import login
我不断得到:
ImportError: cannot import name login
我认为这与更改后的结构有关。我想像这样将它包含在我的 url 模式中:
path('portal/', login, {'template_name': 'portal/index.html'})
如何在不出现循环导入错误的情况下导入登录信息？
目录结构
appfolder
│
└─── __init__.py
└─── admin.py
└─── apps.py
└─── forms.py
└─── models.py
│
└───urls
│ │ __init__.py |
│ │ books_urls.py |
| | movies_urls.py |
| | portal_urls.py |
│ |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|
|
└───views
│ │ __init__.py |
│ │ books_views.py |
| | movies_views.py |
| | portal_views.py |
│ |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ |
appfolder/urls/_ init _.py
from django.urls import include
from django.contrib.staticfiles.urls import staticfiles_urlpatterns
from django.conf.urls.static import static
from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.auth.views import login
from .books_urls import *
from .movies_urls import *
from .portal_urls import *
urlpatterns = [
path('accounts/', include('django.contrib.auth.urls')),
path('portal/', login, {'template_name': 'portal/index.html'}),
path('portal/', include('appfolder.urls.portal_urls')),
path('movies/', include('appfolder.urls.movies_urls')),
path('books/', include('appfolder.urls.books_urls')),
]
urlpatterns += staticfiles_urlpatterns()
urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)
堆栈跟踪:
> Unhandled exception in thread started by <function
> check_errors.<locals>.wrapper at 0x0000013AEBD7D048> Traceback (most
> recent call last): File
> "C:\Users\User\Envs\webshop\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py",
> line 225, in wrapper
> fn(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\Users\User\Envs\webshop\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py",
> line 117, in inner_run
> self.check(display_num_errors=True) File "C:\Users\User\Envs\webshop\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py",
> line 379, in check
> include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks, File "C:\Users\User\Envs\webshop\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py",
> line 366, in _run_checks
> return checks.run_checks(**kwargs) File "C:\Users\User\Envs\webshop\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\registry.py",
> line 71, in run_checks
> new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs) File "C:\Users\User\Envs\webshop\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\urls.py",
> line 40, in check_url_namespaces_unique
> all_namespaces = _load_all_namespaces(resolver) File "C:\Users\User\Envs\webshop\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\urls.py",
> line 57, in _load_all_namespaces
> url_patterns = getattr(resolver, 'url_patterns', []) File "C:\Users\User\Envs\webshop\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py",
> line 37, in __get__
> res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance) File "C:\Users\User\Envs\webshop\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py",
> line 533, in url_patterns
> patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module) File
> "C:\Users\User\Envs\webshop\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py",
> line 37, in __get__
> res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance) File "C:\Users\User\Envs\webshop\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py",
> line 526, in urlconf_module
> return import_module(self.urlconf_name) File "C:\Users\User\Envs\webshop\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in
> import_module
> return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level) File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import File
> "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load File
> "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
> File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
> File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in
> exec_module File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in
> _call_with_frames_removed File "C:\Users\User\Desktop\project\company\com\com\urls.py", line 10, in
> <module>
> path('', include('appfolder.urls')), File "C:\Users\User\Envs\webshop\lib\site-packages\django\urls\conf.py",
> line 34, in include
> urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module) File "C:\Users\User\Envs\webshop\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in
> import_module
> return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level) File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import File
> "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load File
> "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
> File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
> File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in
> exec_module File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in
> _call_with_frames_removed File "C:\Users\User\Desktop\project\company\com\appfolder\urls\__init__.py",
> line 8, in <module>
> from django.contrib.auth.views import login ImportError: cannot import name 'login'
请您参考如下方法:
你遇到的问题是，虽然
from .portal_urls import *
只是导入从当前文件目录中找到的 portal_urls.py 中的所有内容，这种类型的导入
import appfolder.urls.portal_urls
将在加载 appfolder/urls/portal_urls.py 之前同时加载 appfolder/__init__.py 和 appfolder/urls/__init__.py ( [*] 请参阅底部的示例)。
这就是为什么，在您的 appfolder/__init__.py 中，编译器通过了这个导入
...
from .portal_urls import *
在被这个噎住之前:
urlpatterns = [
...
path('portal/', include('appfolder.urls.portal_urls')),
如果您以正常方式构建您的应用程序，则可以避免此问题，即
appfolder
│ __init__.py
│ urls.py
│
├───books
│ __init__.py
│ urls.py
│
├───movies
│ __init__.py
│ urls.py
│
└───portal
__init__.py
urls.py
所有 __init__.py 文件都是空的，appfolder/urls.py 包含
urlpatterns = [
...
path(r'^portal/', include('appfolder.portal.urls')),
path(r'^movies/', include('appfolder.movies.urls')),
path(r'^books/', include('appfolder.books.urls')),
如果这些文件夹增长，这种结构还可以更轻松地将其中一个文件夹拉出到它自己的模块中。
[*] 如果您将 print(__file__) 放在每个 __init__.py 文件中，您可以检查导入的内容:
(dev) go|c:\srv\tmp> python -c "import appfolder.books.urls"
appfolder\__init__.py
appfolder\books\__init__.py
