现在我正在使用 Django 中的 ManyToManyField 设计数据模型。
我想让每个 session 都有不同的乐器，
i.e)
A have a bass.
B have a drum.
所以，我测试了下一个代码
from django.test import TestCase
from Session.models import Instrument
from Applicants.models import MyUser
from Session.models import Session
class InstTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
i1 = Instrument.objects.create(name='bass')
i1.save()
i2 = Instrument.objects.create(name='guitar')
i2.save()
i3 = Instrument.objects.create(name='drum')
i3.save()
u1 = MyUser.objects.create(email='a@gmail.com', nickname='A')
u1.save()
u2 = MyUser.objects.create(email='b@gmail.com', nickname='B')
u2.save()
s1 = Session.objects.create(players=u1)
s1.save()
s1.instruments.add(i1)
s2 = Session.objects.create(players=u2)
s2.save()
s2.instruments.create(name='drum')
def test_example(self):
bass = Instrument.objects.get(name='bass')
guitar = Instrument.objects.get(name='guitar')
user = MyUser.objects.get(nickname='A')
session = Session.objects.get(players=user)
self.assertEqual('bass', bass.name)
self.assertEqual('A', session.players.nickname)
# My problem is in this line
self.assertEqual('bass', session.instruments.name)
这是 Pycharm 中的结果
/home/user/vEnv/bin/python /home/user/pycharm-2016.3.2/helpers/pydev/pydevd.py --multiproc --qt-support --client 127.0.0.1 --port 40507 --file /home/user/pycharm-2016.3.2/helpers/pycharm/django_test_manage.py test BandMaker.tests.InstTest.test_example /home/user/PycharmProjects/Project
Testing started at --:-- PM ...
warning: Debugger speedups using cython not found. Run '"/home/user/vEnv/bin/python" "/home/user/pycharm-2016.3.2/helpers/pydev/setup_cython.py" build_ext --inplace' to build.
pydev debugger: process 4984 is connecting
Connected to pydev debugger (build 163.10154.50)
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
Failure
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/user/PycharmProjects/project/BandMaker/tests.py", line 31, in test_example
self.assertEqual('bass', player.instruments.name)
AssertionError: 'bass' != None
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...
Process finished with exit code 1
我尝试以其他方式进行测试，例如 s1.instruments.create(name='bass') ，但我只能看到 'bass' != None 。
我不明白为什么 s1.instruments.add(i1) 不工作。 所以我需要谁来帮助我。
还有，这里是其他模型类。
/Session/models.py
from django.db import models
from Applicants.models import MyUser
# Create your models here.
class Session(models.Model):
players = models.ForeignKey(
MyUser,
verbose_name='own user info',
related_name='%(app_label)s_%(class)s_related'
)
instruments = models.ManyToManyField(
'Session.Instrument',
verbose_name='Session Instrument List',
related_name='%(app_label)s_%(class)s_instruments'
)
class Instrument(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='instrument name')
自定义用户类
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser
)
class MyUserManager(BaseUserManager):
def create_user(self, email, nickname, password=None):
"""
Creates and saves a User with the given email, date of
birth and password.
"""
if not email:
raise ValueError('Users must have an email address')
user = self.model(
email=self.normalize_email(email),
nickname=nickname,
)
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_superuser(self, email, nickname, password):
"""
Creates and saves a superuser with the given email, date of
birth and password.
"""
user = self.create_user(
email=email,
password=password,
nickname=nickname,
)
user.is_admin = True
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser):
email = models.EmailField(
verbose_name='email',
max_length=255,
unique=True,
)
nickname = models.CharField(
verbose_name='nickname',
max_length=50,
blank=False,
unique=False,
default='unknown'
)
is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)
objects = MyUserManager()
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email' # When username is required, You must use this field!
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['nickname']
def get_full_name(self):
# The user is identified by their email address
return self.email
def get_short_name(self):
# The user is identified by their email address
return self.email
def __str__(self): # __unicode__ on Python 2
return self.email
def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
"Does the user have a specific permission?"
# Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
return True
def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
"Does the user have permissions to view the app `app_label`?"
# Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
return True
@property
def is_staff(self):
"Is the user a member of staff?"
# Simplest possible answer: All admins are staff
return self.is_admin
请您参考如下方法:
问题是您测试 session 是否有仪器的方式:
self.assertEqual('bass', session.instruments.name)
session.instruments 没有属性名称，它是一个 ManyToMany 对象。
我认为这个测试应该可行:
self.assertEqual('bass', session.instruments.all()[0].name)
